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Reyita: The Life of a Black Cuban Woman in the Twentieth Century, by Maria De Los Reyes Castillo Bueno, Daisy Rubiera Castillo, Anne McLea
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Mar�a de los Reyes Castillo Bueno (1902–1997), a black woman known as “Reyita,” recounts her life in Cuba over the span of ninety years. Reyita’s voice is at once dignified, warm, defiant, strong, poetic, principled, and intelligent. Her story—as told to and recorded by her daughter Daisy Castillo—begins in Africa with her own grandmother’s abduction by slave-traders and continues through a century of experiences with prejudice, struggle, and change in Cuba for Reyita and her numerous family members.
Sensitive to and deeply knowledgeable of the systemic causes and consequences of poverty, Reyita’s testimony considers the impact of slavery on succeeding generations, her mother’s internalized racism, and Cuba’s residual discrimination. The humiliation and poverty inflicted on the black Cuban community as well as her decision to marry a white man to ensure a higher standard of living form the basis of other chapters. Reyita actively participated in the life of the community—often caring for the children of prostitutes along with her own eight children and giving herbal medicine and “spiritualist” guidance to ill or troubled neighbors. She describes her growing resistance, over five decades of marriage, to her husband’s sexism and negativity. Strong-willed and frank about her sexuality as well as her religious and political convictions, Reyita recounts joining the revolutionary movement in the face of her husband’s stern objections, a decision that added significant political purpose to her life. At book’s end, Reyita radiates gratification that her 118 descendants have many different hues of skin, enjoy a variety of professions, and—“most importantly”—are free of racial prejudice.
- Sales Rank: #201145 in Books
- Brand: Brand: Duke University Press Books
- Published on: 2000-11-21
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 8.30" h x .59" w x 5.62" l, .52 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 192 pages
- Used Book in Good Condition
Review
“I am Reyita, a regular, ordinary person. A natural person, respectful, helpful, decent, affectionate, and very independent. For my mother, it was an embarrassment, that I—of her four daughters—was the only black one. I always felt the difference between us, because she didn’t have as much affection for me as she did for my sisters. . . . I was the victim of terrible discrimination from my mother. And if you add that to the situation in Cuba, you can understand why I never wanted a black husband. I had good reason, you know. I didn’t want to have children as black as me, so that no one would look down on them, no one would harass and humiliate them. Oh, God only knows! I didn’t want my children to suffer what I’d had to suffer.”—from Reyita
“This joyous, amusing, and self-reflective blending of personal, family, and community life is a splendid example of the testimonio genre which Cuban authors have pioneered. Like Miguel Barnet’s classic Autobiography of a Runaway Slave this book is obligatory reading for those of us interested in life histories, racism, subaltern studies, and Latin American history.”—Barry Carr, La Trobe University
From the Publisher
“This joyous, amusing, and self-reflective blending of personal, family, and community life is a splendid example of the testimonio genre which Cuban authors have pioneered. Like Miguel Barnet’s classic Autobiography of a Runaway Slave this book is obligatory reading for those of us interested in life histories, racism, subaltern studies, and Latin American history.”—Barry Carr, La Trobe University
From the Back Cover
"This joyous, amusing, and self-reflective blending of personal, family, and community life is a splendid example of the testimonio genre which Cuban authors have pioneered. Like Miguel Barnet's classic "Autobiography of a Runaway Slave" this book is obligatory reading for those of us interested in life histories, racism, subaltern studies, and Latin American history."--Barry Carr, La Trobe University
Most helpful customer reviews
10 of 11 people found the following review helpful.
Loved It!
By Shelley Martinez
Reyita's story is both touching and inspiring. As a Black Cuban woman she suffered a great deal of hardship, which she worked very hard to overcome especially for her children. Stories about her life were very interesting and informative and present a picture of Cuba that is not generally known. Black women all over the diaspora can relate to her story and her desire to have more for her children. Some may question her decision to marry outside her race as a product of poor self-esteem, but she provides a well-reasoned argument to better the lives of her children. I would have loved the opportunity to meet this lady.
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
Reyita - a Triumphant Life!
By Bob Buchanan
"Reyita," subtitled "The Life of a Black Cuban Woman in the Twentieth Century," as told to her daughter, progresses in rich detail from what could have crushed a weaker spirit to the conclusion a year before her death:
"I'm not worried about whether I've acted well or not. I'll always live in peace with myself, because I believe I always did what I had to do. I have walked along with life, I haven't been left behind. And so, at ninety-four years of age, I feel good as new."
Reyita's grandmother, a slave, bore the last name of her "owner who was also her father." Reyita's own mother rebuked her for being the only black one of her four daughters. Because she was smart and diligent, Reyita at 18 passed the admissions test to the Institute, only to be kept out because she couldn't afford the required uniform. When she had tried to borrow the money, the response was "That negrita has gone crazy."
To spare her own children from parallel treatment, Reyita determined to marry white. Relecting back she expressed her feeling:
"It goes without saying, now, that I love my race, that I'm proud to be black, but in those days, marrying white was vital...."
By cooking for others, washing clothes, teaching school, caring for others' kids, including those of prostitutes, and sheer industry and intelligence, Reyita elevated her growing family. In the 1940s she joined the Popular Socialist Party because it fought for "equality between blacks and whites and between men and women." Later, she and her sons were part of the 26th of July Movement that prevailed in the Cuban Revolution. Her personal rewards:
"Now I have lots of riches, not material but spiritual ones: my children and grandchildren, how wonderful! They are teachers, doctors, engineers, professors, technicians and workers. No drunks or thieves. I feel rich...."
Read "Reyita" to share in her wealth.
Bob Buchanan
Bob Buchanan
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
An interesting sociological document, if not a very good piece of literature
By Chris
Reyita describes her life as a black woman, being born in 1902 and growing up through all the violence and poverty of Cuba in the twentieth century.
In 1912 Reyita, was living with her godfather and his wife, the latter being terribly abusive. This lady was also head of the women's section of the local branch of the leading Afro-Cuban political party, the PIC. The PIC had been formed in 1908 in order to fight against racial discrimination. It was been banned by the Cuban government in 1910 on the false ground that it was anti-white. As a result of what Reyita claims was a trap laid by the Cuban president Jose Miguel Gomez, the PIC launched a revolt. The Cuban military responded by executing and torturing thousands of ordinary Afro-Cubans. Reyita's aunt was arrested on bogus charges and thrown into prison.
Reyita spends a great deal of time in this book discoursing her use of herbal remedies and other home-grown medicine to cure various ailments of her neighbors. In this way, as a medicine woman, also as one with a reputation as receiving accurate visions from the spirit world, she found a certain niche for herself in Cuba's patriarchal culture.
Reyita was alert to any opening in Cuba's political sphere which might serve as veichle to better the condition of her people. The PIC seemed to offer a ray of hope and Reyita tried her best as a young girl to support her neighborhood chapter. After the PIC was crushed, Afro-Cubans were virtually terrorized into submission. The biggest attraction after this was the fatalistic "Back-to-Africa" movement of Marcus Garvey, which Reyita was enthusiastic for, roughly, in the 1918-22 era. This movement was also repressed by the Cuban state. Then there was Reyita's involvement with the Cuban Communist Party, the PSP, in the early 1940's....
Reyita married a white man who was virtually disowned by his family as a result of this inter-racial marriage and had problems with some of his neighbors in places they lived. Her husband, of course, never brought Reyita along when he was invited to dinner at the houses of his bosses at his factory. Reyita admits that she married this man in order to produce light skinned children who would have a considerably easier time of it in Cuban society than she did growing up. In spite of his steadfast commitment to his marriage to Reyita in the face of society's hostility, her husband was at the same time a rather traditional and dull fellow. He was very controlling towards her and their children.
Reyita tried to engage in small activities that would earn her own money and which could give her a measure of independence from her husband. For instance, in what is perhaps the most vivid and interesting section of the book, the family's life in the 1940's living in the poor neighborhood called Barraccones in Santiago De Cuba, Reyita first opens a diner in her family's home.. She reports how several of these prostitutes lifted themselves out of their [...] and their children that Reyita took care of while their mothers were trying to get their lives together, turned out well. Many of these prostitutes were white, but they shared a bond with Reyita because they were all very poor. Reyita also briefly mentions the gay men who patronized her dinner and she speaks about the lifestyle they practiced with no hint of any disfavor whatsoever. A very tolerant woman was Reyita.
On the years after the triumph of the revolution, Reyita mentions that great progress has been made, but that discrimination is still present, that black candidates for jobs can be excluded in favor of less qualified white ones and so on. She mentions that in film and literature, some of the old stereotypes of Afro-Cubans remain. She notes that oral historians in Cuba post-revolution, made little effort to interview people like her, who had witnessed such events in Afro-Cuban history as the massacres of 1912.
This book does not exactly evoke great feeling in the reader, though at times it can. The stanzas of poetry that open each chapter, apparently selected by the poetry buff Reyita, are quite beautiful.
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